The fifth hire changed the job of the first four

Add a fifth person to a team of four and capacity rarely rises by a quarter. The reason usually isn't the fifth person.

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A firm with four delivery people hires a fifth. Headcount rises by a quarter. Three months later, output is up by something closer to a tenth, and the founder is quietly wondering whether the new hire was a mistake. The interview process gets reviewed. The onboarding gets blamed. Nobody examines the four people who were already there: which is where the missing capacity actually went. This is one of the most reliably misdiagnosed problems in a growing business, because the arithmetic of headcount is linear and the arithmetic of coordination…

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